Протемнение

Граф на картинке из 2013 изображает идеологов неореакции (так называемого «темного Просвещения»). В основном это маргинальные персонажи, выпихнутые на обочины публичного пространства. Но их совокупное политическое влияние оказалось выше, чем можно было бы ожидать в 2013 - цепочка через alt-right и “двух Стивов“ (Стива Бэннона и Стивена Миллера) протянулась до Трампа 2016-2020.

В недавние годы ключевые идеи неореакции отмываются через деятелей так называемого IDW (Intellectual Dark Web) и вдохновленного неореакцией миллиардера Питер Тиля, который продолжает делать крупные ставки в политической игре по скатыванию Америки в авторитаризм - если не через второе пришествие Трампа, то с помощью его идеологических преемников.



Аббревиатура HBD в центре облака связей относится к “human bio-diversity”. Термин был украден у антрополога Джонатана Маркса и не просто перевран, а вывернут наизнанку - подобно тому, что Трамп проделал с термином “fake news”. Изначальный смысл термина относился к нетривиальному разнообразию человека, как биологического вида. Идеологи Протемнения используют его, чтобы выкопать из могилы псевдонаучный расизм и свести человеческое разнообразие к различиям между расами и врожденному превосходству отдельных рас над другими.

For me, it increasingly seems as though my lasting contribution will be to have coined the phrase “human biodiversity” in my 1994 book of that name. Unfortunately it has come to mean the opposite of what I meant, due to the distortions of internet racists. In fact, they have even abbreviated “human biodiversity” as a meme for the semi-literate, HBD. Journalist Angela Saini describes the appropriation of the phrase in her recent book, “Superior: The Return of Race Science.”
I was proud of the coinage a quarter-century ago, because I intended it to encapsulate the major discovery of the science of biological anthropology over the course of the 20th century. That century began with the scientific assumption that the human species came naturally divisible into a fairly small number of fairly discrete and homogeneous pseudo-taxonomic groups. We called them “races”. By century’s end, however, a great deal of empirical research had shown that our species does not in fact come structured that way.
“Human biodiversity” was intended to label our newer understanding of the patterns by which people actually differ from one another, as an alternative to the earlier “race”.
“Race” and “human biodiversity” are quite simply different things, two sets of patterns that map very poorly onto one another – and it took the better part of the 20th century to demonstrate it. The subtitle of my book was “Genes, Race, and History” – to suggest that genes demonstrated that the proper place for race in science lay in its history, along with phlogiston, pangenesis, and creationism.
Race exists, of course, but its reality is not primarily biological. The reality of race is in the domain of the symbolic. Race is most real in the sense that, as is well-known, Thomas Jefferson fathered children with his black slave, Sally Hemings. Yet according to the only extant descriptions of her, Sally Hemings had light skin and long, straight dark hair. Why? Because only one of her four grandparents was African. She was a slave because of her symbolic ancestry, not because of her biological ancestry or her appearance.
Race is thus now recognized to be very real, as a system of human classification, as lived experience in a society of inequality. While it sometimes correlates with biology, the proper study of race lies in the study of law, discrimination, sociology, and political economy; the primary exception being in how social prejudice can affect the body itself.
“Human biodiversity” was intended as an alternative way of talking about human variation without the overarching assumption that our species sorts out into fairly discrete, fairly homogeneous races – as was assumed by scientists a century ago. But in the late 1990s, racists began to coopt the phrase as a more genteel and sciencey way to simply say “race”. In other words, they began to synonymize what should be antonyms.
http://anthropomics2.blogspot.com/2019/12/i-coined-phrase-human-biodiversity.html

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